Who is known as the father of guidance?

• A. Carl Rogers
• B. John Dewey
• C. Abraham Maslow
• D. Frank Parsons

Answer: (D)

Frank Parsons is known as the father of guidance because he first framed career guidance as a systematic, science-based process. He championed matching a person’s abilities, interests, and personality with the requirements of occupations, rather than leaving people to stumble into jobs. His notable contributions include the three-step approach—analyze the individual, analyze the work, and place the right person in the right job—and the establishment of the first vocational guidance efforts and bureaus. His book Choosing a Vocation helped popularize these ideas and set the standard for school and community guidance programs.