Which psychologist is a pioneer of behavior therapy and is closely associated with the use of systematic desensitization and multimodal therapy?

• A. Arnold Lazarus
• B. B.F. Skinner
• C. Carl Rogers
• D. Sigmund Freud

Answer: (A)

This item focuses on identifying a key figure who embodies both a behavior-therapy approach and an integrative, multi-faceted treatment framework. Systematic desensitization is a classic behavioral technique developed to help reduce anxiety through gradual exposure paired with relaxation. Arnold Lazarus stands out because he pioneered multimodal therapy, an eclectic, client-tailored approach that addresses seven interconnected areas of functioning (behavior, affect, sensation, cognition, interpersonal dynamics, biology/pharmacology, and spirituality). His work brought together a wide range of techniques from behavior therapy and beyond, including desensitization methods, into a cohesive treatment plan. Among the options, Lazarus is the figure most closely associated with both the behavioral roots and the broad multimodal framework, whereas the others align with different traditions—Skinner with foundational behaviorism, Rogers with humanistic therapy, and Freud with psychoanalysis.