Which of the following is NOT part of the counselor's social power?

• A. Expertise.
• B. Age.
• C. Attractiveness.
• D. Trustworthiness.

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is what sources give a counselor persuasive influence. In many theories of social power for counselors, influence comes from credibility and the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness (in the sense of warmth and rapport) are the bases that help a counselor guide, motivate, and reassure clients. Age, by itself, does not provide these bases.

Expertise signals competence and knowledge; a counselor who demonstrates solid training, accurate information, and effective strategies builds respect for what they offer. Trustworthiness reflects honesty, ethics, and consistency, which makes clients feel safe sharing and more willing to follow guidance. Attractiveness here refers to likability and genuine warmth, which helps clients feel connected and receptive. Together, these elements create social power that can shape a client’s attitudes and behaviors.

Age might influence perceptions in some contexts, but it does not constitute a formal source of social power in counseling. It doesn’t guarantee competence, ethical conduct, or warmth, and thus isn’t a built-in basis of influence.

So, the non-participant in social power is age.