The organization formed by 1972 that contributed to cross-cultural counseling is which?

• A. Association for Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance
• B. American Counseling Association
• C. Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development
• D. American Psychological Association

Answer: (A)

Cross-cultural counseling grows out of the idea that a client’s culture shapes how they experience problems and engage in therapy, so practitioners need to address cultural context directly. By 1972, the Association for Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance emerged to tackle the specific needs and challenges of non-white students, clients, and professionals within guidance and personnel work. This group pushed for culturally informed assessment, counseling approaches, and training, helping to normalize attention to race, ethnicity, language, and socioeconomic background in practice. The emphasis it promoted—bringing minority perspectives into research, education, and service—laid important groundwork for later multicultural counseling initiatives and organizations that continue to advance culturally competent practice. The other options describe broader or different organizations, which, while influential in their own right, did not represent this early, targeted focus on non-white concerns within guidance and counseling that contributed to the cross-cultural movement.