In Kohlberg's levels of morality, this is the level where the child responds to consequences and reward and punishment greatly influence the behavior.

• A. Conventional
• B. Postconventional
• C. Preconventional
• D. Preoperational

Answer: (C)

This describes the preconventional level, where moral decisions are driven by external consequences rather than internal rules. In Kohlberg’s framework, this early stage focuses on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards, so behavior is guided by what will directly benefit the individual or what will keep them out of trouble. It’s common in young children, before they internalize societal norms or abstract principles. The conventional level shifts to conforming with social rules and gaining approval, while the postconventional level relies on abstract principles like justice. The term preoperational belongs to Piaget’s cognitive-stages framework, not Kohlberg’s moral levels, so it doesn’t apply here.