Idiographic approaches examine what in depth?

• A. The population
• B. Structural factors
• C. Cultural norms
• D. Individuals

Answer: (D)

Idiographic approaches examine individuals in depth. They seek to understand the unique, detailed makeup of a person—their life history, personal meanings, motivations, and context—often through rich case studies, narrative accounts, and qualitative methods. This contrasts with approaches that look for patterns across groups, such as studying populations, structural factors, or cultural norms, which aim for generalizable findings rather than deep, individualized understanding. By focusing on the person as a complex, singular case, idiographic analysis reveals how a specific individual's experiences and traits interact to shape their behavior, thoughts, and feelings.