Classical conditioning relates to the work of which psychologist?

• A. Skinner
• B. John Watson
• C. Carl Jung
• D. Ivan Pavlov

Answer: (D)

Classical conditioning is about learning to associate two stimuli so that a neutral cue comes to elicit a response that was originally produced by a different stimulus. In Pavlov's classic dog experiments, food naturally triggered salivation. By repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus, like a ringing bell, with the food, the bell eventually caused the dogs to salivate on its own. The bell became a conditioned stimulus and the salivation to the bell became the conditioned response. This work established how learned associations form. While Skinner is linked with operant conditioning (learning via consequences) and Jung with analytical psychology, Pavlov is the one who founded the concept of classical conditioning.